Epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells A549 induced by SPHK1

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of SPHK1 in the invasion and metastasis process of non-small-cell lung cancer cells (A549).@*METHODS@#Recombinant retrovirus was used to mediate the production of A549/vector, A549/SPHK1, A549/scramble, and A549/SPHKl/RNAi that stably expressed or silenced SPHK1. The invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells overexpressing or silencing SPHK1 were determined using Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiment. The protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin in A549/vector, A549/SPHK1, A549/scramble, A549/SPHK1/RNAi were detected with Western blot (WB) and quantitative PCR (QPCR) methods, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiments showed that over-expression of SPHK1 obviously enhanced the invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells. WB and QPCR detection results showed that, the expression of E-cadherin (a molecular marker of epithelial cells) and fibronectin, vimentin (molecular markers of mesenchymal cells) in A549 cells was upregulated after overexpression of SPHK1; while SPHK1 silencing significantly reduced the invasion and metastasis capacities of A549 cells, upregulated the expression of molecular marker of epithelial cells, and downregulated the expression of molecular marker of mesenchymal cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#SPHK1 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and affects the invasion and metastasis capacities of these cells.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells A549 induced by SPHK1

Objective: To explore the effect and molecular mechanism of SPHK1 in the invasion and metastasis process of non-small-cell lung cancer cells (A549). Methods: Recombinant retrovirus was used to mediate the production of A549/vector, A549/SPHK1, A549/scramble, and A549/SPHKl/RNAi that stably expressed or silenced SPHK1. The invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells overexpressing or silencing SPHK1 were determined using Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiment. The protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin in A549/vector, A549/SPHK1, A549/scramble, A549/SPHK1/RNAi were detected with Western blot (WB) and quantitative PCR (QPCR) methods, respectively. Results: Transwell invasion assay and scratch wound repair experiments showed that over-expression of SPHK1 obviously enhanced the invasion and migration capacities of A549 cells. WB and QPCR detection results showed that, the expression of E-cadherin (a molecular marker of epithelial cells) and fibronectin, vimentin (molecular markers of mesenchymal cells) in A549 cells was upregulated after overexpression of SPHK1; while SPHK1 silencing significantly reduced the invasion and metastasis capacities of A549 cells, upregulated the expression of molecular marker of epithelial cells, and downregulated the expression of molecular marker of mesenchymal cells. Conclusions: SPHK1 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and affects the invasion and metastasis capacities of these cells.

Impact of gastric bypass surgery on body fat distribution in patients with metabolic syndrome / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the changes in body fat distribution after gastric bypass in gastric cancer patients with metabolic syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2009 to February 2010, 26 patients with gastric cancer and concurrent metabolic syndrome were prospectively enrolled and underwent gastric bypass surgery at the Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command. Body mass index(BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, insulin and insulin resistance index were measured before operation and at postoperative 1, 4, 12, 24, 48 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After gastric bypass surgery, metabolic syndrome was improved including obesity, hypertension, disturbance of lipid and hyperglycemia. After 48 weeks postoperatively HOMA-IR decreased from 5.7 ± 1.5 to 3.4 ± 1.0 (P<0.05). BMI decreased from (27.1 ± 3.8) kg/m(2) to (22.6 ± 1.4) kg/m(2) (P<0.05). Indices for central obesity: waist circumference decreased from (95.3 ± 2.5) cm to (75.3 ± 1.1) cm, and visceral fat area decreased from(101.7 ± 13.8) cm(2) to (78.7 ± 11.2) cm(2) (P<0.05). There were no decline in peripheral obesity indices including hip circumference and subcutaneous fat area(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The distribution of body fat after gastric bypass changes from central obesity to peripheral obesity. Improvement of insulin resistance after gastric bypass surgery is associated with the decrease in central obesity indices.</p>

The influence of contraction modes on the phosphorylation of p38/Akt / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Muscle contraction may prompt glucose uptake through non-insulin-dependent ways, and it may be due to the enhanced activation of key proteins known to regulate glucose metabolism, like p38 and Akt. Our experiment focused on the impact of different contraction modes on the phosphorylation of the molecules, thus to explore effective ways to lower blood glucose.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Isolated muscle strips perfusion technique and Western blot analysis were employed to investigate the influence of different modes of contraction on the activation of the molecules.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Muscle contraction led to an increase in p38 phosphorylation, with the greatest effect observed after 5 minutes of 10% DC (duty cycle) contraction and 5 minutes of 1% DC contraction. However, phosphorylation of Akt were not altered by the two contraction modes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The level of phosphorylation of p38 was higher at the optimal contraction modes, but these modes could not increase the level of phosphorlation of Akt.</p>

Pitfalls in positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging: causes and their classifications / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the pitfalls in positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging and classify them according to the principles of their generation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We summarized retrospectively the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDP) PET/CT imaging pitfalls through reviewing the PET/CT images of 872 patients. The pitfalls were divided into artifacts and infrequent physiological uptake, and the artifacts were further classified according to their causes. Meanwhile, we calculated the incidences of various pitfalls. Whether the PET/CT pitfalls influenced the diagnostic decision was analyzed. The appearances of pitfalls in PET were also described.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pitfalls could be found in PET/CT images of 684 (78.4%) patients. Artifacts were found in 664 (76.15%) patients, and could be classified into self-factor artifacts and equipment- or technology-related artifacts. Among self-factor artifacts, respiratory motion (57.5%), postprandial or hyperglycemia artifacts (2.41%), and metal or high density matter artifacts (1.38%) were frequent. As for equipment- or technology-related factors, injection point outleakage or radiotracer contamination (13.88%) and truncation artifacts (1.83%) were most common ones. Infrequent physiological FDG uptakes, including fatty uptake, endometrial uptake, and bilateral breast feeding period uptake, were found in 20 (2.29%) patients. Among all pitfalls, the artifacts in 92 (13.4%) patients and infrequent physiological uptakes in 6 (0.88%) patients affected the diagnostic results. Artifact images in PET could be described as hot or cold area and the images of infrequent physiological uptake were always shown as hot area.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of pitfall in PET/CT imaging was high and the causes of pitfalls are various. Among all causes that artifacts generated, respiratory motion is the most common. Some pitfalls may disturb clinical physicians' decision, so it is important to recognize artifacts and physiological uptake, and distinguish them from pathological uptakes.</p>

Hemodynamic study of primary hepatocellular carcinoma evolved from viral-induced cirrhosis using CT perfusion imaging / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hemodynamic changes of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) evolved from hepatic cirrhosis using CT perfusion imaging.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma evolved from virus-induced fibrosis or cirrhosis underwent dynamic CT scanning of the target slices for 60 min. The perfusion parameters of the hepatic parenchyma and HCC including the blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), permeability-surface area product (PS), hepatic arterial fraction (HAF), IRF time of arrival (IRF TO) were obtained. Paired-sample t test was used to determine the differences in the perfusion parameters between the hepatic parenchyma and the primary HCC mass.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with hepatic BF (117.13-/+31.05 ml/100 mg/min), BV (14.73-/+3.91 ml/100 mg), PS (31.93-/+5.91 ml/100 mg/min), HAF (25.02-/+8.19%), MTT (12.79-/+3.31 s), IRF TO (3.14-/+1.09 s), the primary HCC mass showed significant increments in the BF (239.69-/+96.07 ml/100 mg/min), BV (20.26-/+6.73 ml/100 mg), PS (37.50-/+9.50 ml/100 mg/min), HAF (68.97-/+15.22%) with decreased MTT (7.17-/+1.38 s) and IRF TO (2.42-/+0.94 s). Significant differences were found in all the perfusion parameters between the hepatic parenchyma and HCC (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liver perfusion parameters can represent the hemodynamic changes in the HCC derived from hepatic cirrhosis.</p>

The effects of functional magnetic resonance imaging on motor cortex function in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients,and to evaluate the relationship between brain reorganization and motor recovery.Methods Nine AIS patients and 9 healthy volunteers were assessed by fMR1 during passive finger clenching at a pace of 1 Hz.The fMRI results were analyzed using SPM2 software.Lateral indices (LIs) and activated regions were calculated,and the relationship between LI and muscle strength was examined.Results In the control group,activation was observed in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and the bilateral supplementary area (SMA) during the passive movement.In the AIS group,similar results were recorded dur- ing unaffected hand movement,but the ipsilateral activation areas were greater than those on the eontralateral side during movement of the affected hand.LI results confirmed that movement of the affected hand mainly elici- ted activation in the ipsilateral hemisphere.Conclusion The different fMRI manifestations of patients and nor- mal subjects reflect brain compensation,and fMRI is valuable for studying the correlation between motor function and brain reorganization.